Justia Massachusetts Supreme Court Opinion Summaries

The Supreme Judicial Court affirmed the judgment of the superior court judge denying Defendant's motion to enforce a plea bargain, holding that the plea offer did not violate Defendant's rights to due process.Defendant was indicted along with two codefendants on two counts of murder in the first degree. Defendant was offered a "package deal" plea bargain under which he would have been able to plead guilty to manslaughter if his codefendant also agreed to the same plea. Defendant's codefendant refused the terms of the agreement. Defendant and his codefendant were tried and convicted of all charges. Defendant later filed a motion to vacate his convictions and to accept pleas to manslaughter, as the Commonwealth had originally offered, arguing that the condition attached to the plea offer violated his right to decide whether to accept the plea or go to trial. A superior court judge denied the motion. The Supreme Judicial Court affirmed, holding that the superior court did not err in denying Defendant's motion to enforce the plea bargain. View "Commonwealth v. DiBenedetto" on Justia Law

The Supreme Judicial Court remanded this matter to the county court for entry of an order dismissing the Commonwealth's gatekeeper petition filed under Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 278, 33E challenging the decision of the superior court judge granting Defendant's motion for postconviction relief and reducing his conviction, holding that the petition was untimely.Defendant served forty-four years in prison for his conviction of murder in the first degree. In 2020, Defendant filed a postconviction motion to reduce the verdict from murder in the first degree to murder in the second degree on the grounds that the Commonwealth's 1978 package plea offer violated his right to due process. The motion judge granted the motion and, in 2021, reduced the verdict to murder in the second degree. The Commonwealth filed a notice of appeal but did not file the gatekeeper petition until five and one-half months later, exceeding the thirty-day time limit set out in Mains v. Commonwealth, 433 Mass. 30, 36 n.10 (2000). After a remand, the single justice allowed the petition. The Supreme Judicial Court remanded the matter for entry of an order dismissing the Commonwealth's gatekeeper petition, holding that, with respect to filing deadlines, the Commonwealth is subject to the limitations established in Mains. View "Commonwealth v. Smith" on Justia Law

The Supreme Judicial Court vacated the order of the trial judge granting Defendant's motion to dismiss his criminal case for lack of prosecution and requiring the Commonwealth to file a motion to vacate it if decided to proceed with the prosecution of the case, holding that the judge's decision to require the Commonwealth to seek court approval before refiling charges was an abuse of discretion.Defendant was charged with operating a motor vehicle while under the influence, among other charges. After Defendant's trial was continued three times, he filed his motion to dismiss. The judge granted the motion and required the Commonwealth to file a motion to vacate if it chose to refile the case. The Commonwealth sought extraordinary relief under Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 211, 3, arguing that the underlying order violated the district attorney's authority to choose which cases to prosecute. The Supreme Judicial Court vacated so much of the order granting Defendant's motion to dismiss that required the Commonwealth to file a motion to vacate the dismissal, holding that the ruling constituted an unwarranted intrusion upon the powers granted exclusively to the executive branch under Article 30 of the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights. View "Commonwealth v. Rosa" on Justia Law

The Supreme Judicial Court affirmed the judgment of the motion judge allowing Defendant's motion for a new trial after the trial court convicted him of murder in the first degree, holding that the motion judge did not abuse her discretion in concluding that counsel's assistance was constitutionally ineffective.During the proceedings, counsel was informed of a proffer indicating that someone other than Defendant had gone to the victim's home on the evening of the killing and carrying the same caliber firearm as was used in the killing. In his motion for a new trial, Defendant argued that his counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to investigate the exculpatory evidence provided by the Commonwealth. The motion judge allowed the motion. The Supreme Judicial Court affirmed, holding (1) use of the proffer evidence could have raised a reasonable doubt as to whether Defendant murdered the victim; and (2) therefore, the motion judge's denial of Defendant's motion for a new trial was an abuse of discretion. View "Commonwealth v. Tavares" on Justia Law

The Supreme Judicial Court affirmed the judgment of a single justice of the court denying Petitioner's petition pursuant to Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 211, 3, holding that the single justice did not err or abuse her discretion in denying relief.Petitioner was convicted of several crimes, including armed assault with intent to murder. The firearm leading to the charges was recovered during a motor vehicle search that led to charges in a separate case against a different individual, Danilo Depina, who successfully moved to suppress the firearm on the basis that it had been illegally seized. Petitioner later filed the underlying petition, which the county court treated as a petition pursuant to Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 211, 3, arguing that he had stand to petition the district attorney's office that had prosecuted Petitioner to produce evidence related to the firearm. A single justice denied the petition. The Supreme Judicial Court appealed, holding that there was no abuse of discretion in the denial of the appeal. View "Pina v. Commonwealth" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed Defendant's convictions for murder in the first degree on the theory of deliberate premeditation and related charges, holding that there was no reversible error in this Court's review of Defendant's direct appeal or Defendant's postconviction motion for a new trial.On appeal, Defendant challenged his convictions of murder in the first degree, armed assault with intent to murder, and assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon causing serious bodily injury and further appealed the denial of his postconviction motion for a new trial. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that Defendant's claims of error were unavailing and that there was no reversible error in the proceedings below. View "Commonwealth v. Kirkland" on Justia Law

The Supreme Judicial Court affirmed Defendant's conviction of murder in the first degree on the theory of extreme atrocity or cruelty and his sentence of life without the possibility of parole, holding that Defendant's allegations of error were unavailing.Specifically, the Supreme Judicial Court held (1) the trial judge did not abuse his discretion in excluding proposed expert testimony regarding the general principles and characteristics of late adolescent brain development; (2) a challenged statement made by the prosecutor during closing arguments did not create a substantial likelihood of a miscarriage of justice; (3) Defendant was not entitled to an instruction on involuntary manslaughter; and (4) the jury did not apply an incorrect burden of proof in reaching their verdict; (5) this Court declines to address Defendant's challenge to the constitutionality of his sentence; and (6) this Court declines to exercise its extraordinary authority to reduce the conviction to murder in the second degree or voluntary manslaughter. View "Commonwealth v. Ridley" on Justia Law

The Supreme Judicial Court affirmed the housing court's entry of judgment in favor of Landlord in this landlord-tenant dispute and the denial of Tenant's motion to revise, revoke, or vacate that judgment, holding that Landlord could seek to enforce the parties' voluntary stipulation following mediation and attempt to recover possession of the leased premises.Following mediation in early 2020, Tenant entered into a stipulation to voluntarily dismiss all claims against Landlord. Tenant further agreed to vacate Landlord's apartment. Because of an emergency eviction moratorium imposed pursuant to COVID-19, Landlord was unable to seek judgment on the stipulation and execution on such judgment until October 2020. The housing court judge entered judgment in favor of Landlord. Tenant filed a motion to revise, revoke, or vacate the judgment, which the housing court denied. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the judge had the authority to award possession of the premises to Landlord under the circumstances of this case. View "Dacey v. Burgess" on Justia Law

The Supreme Judicial Court dismissed Appellant's appeal from a judgment of the county court denying, without a hearing, Appellant's petition for extraordinary relief under Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 211, 3, holding that the appeal was moot.During Appellant's criminal trial, the prosecutor experienced a medical problem requiring that he be immediately treated at a hospital. Consequently, the judge declared a mistrial and ruled that a retrial was permissible. Appellant filed a petition under Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 211, 3, arguing that there was no manifest necessity for the mistrial and that retrial would violate his constitutional protections against double jeopardy. The single justice denied relief. Thereafter, a second jury trial was held, and Appellant was convicted as charged. The Supreme Judicial Court dismissed Appellant's appeal from the denial of his Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 211, 3 petition, holding that, because Appellant's retrial had already taken place, the appeal was moot. View "Papp v. Commonwealth" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed Defendant's convictions of two counts of murder in the first degree, holding that this Court's precedent on reasonable provocation based on sudden oral revelations of infidelity, and, relatedly, lack of paternity, is hereby disavowed.Defendant stabbed his girlfriend, who was nine months pregnant, killing her and her viable fetus. At issue at trial was whether the stabbing had been mitigated by "heat of passion upon reasonable provocation," thus reducing Defendant's liability to manslaughter, because his girlfriend falsely disclosed that he was not the father. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) rational jurors could have found that the stabbings were not the result of a heat of passion upon reasonable provocation, and therefore, the evidence was sufficient to support Defendant's convictions; and (2) this Court no longer recognizes that an oral discovery of infidelity satisfies the objective element of something that would provoke a reasonable person to kill his or her spouse. View "Commonwealth v. Ronchi" on Justia Law